Constitution of the arab republic of egypt last amended. Corrupting ideologies in egyptian society since 1971s constitution regarding my various methodological data gathering strategies that i used in my b. A thesis, my results showed that over fifty percent of egyptians agreed to give bribes, use power for personal gains, but just fewer than twenty percent agreed. The political regime of the arab republic of egypt is based upon the multiparty system within the framework of the basic principles and components of the egyptian society stipulated by the constitution. Egypt is renamed the arab republic of egypt 1971 the aswan high dam is completed 1975 the suez canal is reopened after its closure during the six day war in 1967 1976 the treaty of friendship with the soviet union is ended. It replaced the 2011 provisional constitution of egypt, adopted in 2011. Work for governance, the new egyptian constitution will have a lasting effect. Following the removal of then president mohamed morsi from office on july 3, egypts militarybacked government began a twophase process of creating a. Proposed amendments to the constitution, october 20 article 19 free word centre, 60 farringdon rd, london ec1r 3ga. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt was the former constitution of egypt. It was proclaimed to update the democratic representative system in assertion of the rule of law.
Criminal procedure code 23 of 1971 as amended to 14 march 2010 page 1 gjpi annotated and amended translation 29 october 2010 criminal procedure code 23 of 1971 as amended to 14 march 2010law number 23 of 1971 decree number 230 in the name of the people the revolutionary command council. Constitution of the arab republic of egypt department of justice. The constitution was adopted by a referendum on 11. This is the constitution of egypt that abided prior to 1415 january 2014. The egyptian people, is the sole source of authority. The egyptian people are part of the arab nation and work for the realization of its comprehensive unity. Egypt manages the sinai peninsula, the only land connecting africa and the other parts of the eastern hemisphere. Article 2 of the 1971 constitution stated that islam is the state religion, and arabic is its official language, but also adds. Comparing egypts 1971 constitution to today egypt news. Succeeded by the constitution of egypt of 2012 the constitution of egypt of 1971 was the supreme law of the arab republic of egypt. Draft dated 30 november 2012 of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt. To that end, the values of tolerance and moderation.
The constitution of the arab republic of egypt, 1971 as. The 1919 revolution that had rid egypt and the egyptians of the british protection, established the principle of citizenship and equality all the people. Interim constitution issued following the dissolution of the egyptsyria union. Issues the constitution of the arab republic of egypt in the attached text. The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 january 2014.
The role of parliament in the egyptian constitution. Prior to the presidential elections, challengers to the incumbent president abdel fattah alsisi. And after taking into account article 183 of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt. Egypt 2018 human rights report executive summary according to its constitution, egypt is a republic governed by an elected president and unicameral legislature. Jan 25, 2020 constitution of egypt of 1971 2011feb26. The constitution of 1971 confirms the principle of separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Following the removal of then president mohamed morsi from office on july 3, egypts militarybacked government began a twophase process of creating a new constitution. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt after the.
Gamels faction represents reformers in the ndp who want greater political and economic liberalization. However, significant restrictions on political activities effectively made egypt a one party state. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt was the former fundamental law of egypt. September 1971 and promulgated by the president on the same day. Blessed with a unique location and history, the arab nation of egypt is the heart of. The revolution of january 25, 2011 in egypt, which constituted one of the many upheavals of the arab spring, resulted in a regime change but also challenged egypts stateness. The 1971 constitution established a bicameral parliament, whose legislative branches were the peoples assembly and the shoura council. Seven upholding national unity is an obligation of state and society, for it is the cornerstone of building a modern egypt and the path to progress and development. Egypt has operated under several constitutions, both as a monarchy and, after 1952, as a republic. The egyptian civil code 1 of 1948 allows recourse to hanafi doctrine where a matter is not legislated on. The egyptian constitution is the supreme law of the land. Apr 10, 2019 what type of government does egypt have. Law on the the preference of the egyptian products in government contracts law no.
Amendments passed to article 76 allow multicandidate presidential elections. The iraqi criminal procedure code 23 of 1971 replaced the baghdad procedure code of 1919. Egypt is a northern africa country bordering four other countries including the gaza strip, israel, libya, and sudan. We are drafting a constitution that achieves equality between us in rights and duties. The constitution adopted in 2014, like the constitution drafted under morsi, is based on the egyptian constitution of 1971. Constitution of egypt of 1971 wikisource, the free online library. Series of amendments to egypts 1971 constitution, in which the. The constitution defines the structure and functions of the state, the egyptian society, public freedoms, rights and obligations, the supremacy of the law, and the system of government napoli et al, 1995. The development of egypts constitution arab west report. It was modelled on the egyptian criminal procedure code 150 of 1950, which itself was based upon the napoleonic codes adopted in egypt in the late 19th century. Based on the provisions of the 42nd article, subparagraph a, of. The egyptian constitution of 1971 and its amendment of 2007 stated that education was to be free through the primary school level, while the 2014 constitution requires the state to offer free education through high school. On december 15, egyptians will vote in a referendum on whether to adopt a new constitution. Comparing egypts constitutions egyptians will soon vote in a referendum on a new constitution, their second in just over a year.
In these last three years, egypt witnessed three constitutional referenda and 1 ge neral comment 25 1996, paragraph 6. Egypt 2018 human rights report executive summary according to its constitution, egypt is a republic governed by an elected president. Constitution of 1971, declaring egypt as democratic socialist state and guaranteeing the rights of individuals. Constitution of the arab republic of egypt part one the state article 1. Carter center urges dialogue and constitutional change to.
Constitution of the arab republic of egypt 1971 we, the people. Egypts government services portal egypt constitution. Amendments to 1971 constitution passed making sharia the principal source of legislative rules. However, the 1954 draft constitution procedural gave more. It was signed into law by president mohamed morsi on 26 december 2012, after it was approved by the constituent assembly on 30 november 2012 and passed in a referendum held 1522 december 2012 with 64% support, and a turnout of 33%.
The constitution defines the structure and functions of the state, the egyptian society, public freedoms, rights and obligations, the supremacy of the law, and the. This is egypt, an immortal homeland to egyptians, and a message of peace and love to this is egypt. United arab emiratess constitution of 1971 with amendments. Its leader, saad zaghloul, and his for successor, mosfata elnahhas, in adopting democracy asserted that. The arab center for the development of the rule of law and. The economic foundation of the arab republic of egypt is the socialist democratic system based on sufficiency and justice, in a manner preventing exploitation, narrowing the gap between incomes. Constitution of the arab republic of egypt, held on september, 11th 1971 and the unanimity of the peoples consensus of the constitution. In addition, the 1971 constitution established a multiparty, semipresidential system of government with a strong executive authority on the one hand, and a legislative and a judicial authority on the other hand. Oct 04, 2019 replaced the constitution of egypt of 1963. The president is elected to a fouryear term and may serve 2 terms. In 1971, when president anwar sadat took office, he moved towards the adoption of a new democratic constitution that would allow more freedoms.
Following the removal of then president mohamed morsi from office on july 3, egypt s militarybacked government began a twophase process of creating a new constitution. We the citizens, women and men, the egyptian people, sovereigns in a sovereign homeland, this is the manifestation of our volition, this is the constitution of our revolution. The egyptian revolution and post socioeconomic impact doaa s. And above all, it ignored how political redemption in egypt the fulfillment of those long deferred liberal ambitions could be facilitated through faith in a shared constitutional text. The arab republic of egypt is a socialist democratic state based on the alliance of the working forces of the people. The egyptian people are part of the arab nation and work for the realization of its comprehensive. The egyptian judiciary shall carry out its mission in defending the constitution, upholding justice and protecting rights and freedoms. The political environment in egypt was known in all the declarations of constitutional and constitutions interim that followed the 1952 revolution up to the permanent constitution in 1971, as amended, and until the 25th of january revolution, as a mixed system in form or constitutional. Constitution of egypt constitution, egypt britannica.
Constitution arabic the arabic version of the egyptian constitution, including amendments made in 2005. Article 2 of the constitution provides that islam is the state religion and islamic sharia law is the main source of legislation. Constitution of the arab republic of egypt part i the state article 1 1 the arab republic of egypt is a democratic state based on citizenship. It was proclaimed to update the democratic representative system in assertion of the rule of law, independence of the judiciary, and party plurality. But the 1971 constitution was more precise in this.
Constitution of egypt of 1971 wikisource, the free. But this narrative, emphasizing the redemptive possibilities of the 1971 constitution. Constitution of egypt of 19712011feb26 wikisource, the. Constitution of 1971 reads that islam is the state religion. After the toppling of president mubarak, the court has not been abolished despite the suspension of the 1971 constitution. Its leader, saad zaghloul, and his for successor, mosfata elnahhas, in adopting democracy asserted that right above power and is the nation is above government. The same structure was confirmed by the 2012 constitution, which reiterated that the peoples assembly would comprise at least 350 members, directly elected for. Egyptian works that are currently in the public domain in the united states are those whose had expired in egypt on the u. The 2014 constitution sets up a president and parliament. Constitution of the arab republic of egypt refworld. Constitution of egypt of 1971 wikisource, the free online. Egypts government services portal laws and constitution. It was adopted on 11 september 1971 through a public referendum.
Constitution did not specify an accusation or a felony in order to charge the president of the republic. Interim constitution issued following the dissolution of the egypt syria union. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt, 11 sep. The carter center encourages egyptians to initiate an inclusive. However, oldline party bosses who want to limit reform efforts continue to control the party apparatus and its leadership positions. The supreme constitutional court scc of egypt differs from these newly established courts, as it was created under authoritarian rule in 1971 and has played an important, albeit ambivalent role in egypt. The 1 st amendment the 2 nd amendment the 3 rd amendment the 4 th amendment.
The egyptian people are part of the arab nation and. We, the people of egypt, who have been toiling on this great land since the dawn of history and. The first and most liberal of these was the 1923 constitution, which was promulgated just after britain declared egypts independence. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt is the fundamental law of egypt the egyptian constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in january 2014.
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